A study of a provincial ear, nose and throat service in a British city prior to the National Health Service: Nottingham and South Nottinghamshire (1886-1947).

BACKGROUND: It was in twentieth-century Britain that the two distinct surgical disciplines, otology and laryngology, became united under the title oto-laryngology. Aural departments were established in general hospitals in the hands of specialists long before throat departments. The development and politics of the specialty occurred in London, while provincial services commenced in the early eighteenth century, with ophthalmologists, setting up a clinic or dispensary, progressing onto a hospital. METHODS: The following resources were used: the Nottinghamshire Archives; Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham Libraries and The Local Studies Library, Nottingham Central Library. RESULTS: The Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose was established in 1886, staffed by part-time general practitioners. The Nottingham Children's Hospital appointed two qualified surgeons in the 1910s and subsequently the General Nottingham Hospital appointed them as honorary assistant surgeons. Both hospitals provided access to beds, not available to the Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose. Following The Education Act of 1907, Nottingham created a School Health Services. By the 1920s, Nottingham had four institutions providing clinical and surgical ENT services. The National Hospitals Survey conducted in 1945 recommended that the Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose be closed and amalgamated with The General Hospital Nottingham. CONCLUSION: The General Hospital Nottingham was slow to create a service for the diagnosis and treatment of ENT diseases and disorders, but established a Departmental Service by 1927. The surgical staffing was common to all four of the ENT services from mid-1930.

From hospital unit to intestinal failure center: Twenty years of history.

AIM: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is one of the most demanding medical therapies as it is the only option for patients for intestinal failure (IF). No unequivocal policy on how to start and progress with HPN has ever been presented. The IF Center at the Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital in Skawina is one of the biggest centers in Poland, celebrating its twentieth birthday last year. It offered the unique chance to present how to create and grow the IF center, increasing the quality of care. The above became the aim of this study. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all medical records of HPN patients from the University Hospital and Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital in Skawina. Patient profile, clinical course and treatment outcomes were assessed. The evolution of all aspects of HPN is presented. A brief historical perspective has been added to better illustrate the center's growth and transformation. RESULTS: 608 patients (363 female, 245 male, mean age 55.55 year) from all over Poland were treated between December 1999 and December 2019. The most frequent indication for HPN was mechanical obstruction (277, 45.7%), followed by short bowel syndrome (SBS, 208, 34.3%) and intestinal fistula (46, 7.59%). The most common primary disease was cancer (n = 267), followed by mesenteric ischemia (n = 104), and surgical complications (n = 62). 314 patients (51.8%) died. 73 (12.04%) were successfully weaned off PN. The catheter infection rate reached 0.39/1000 catheter days. CONCLUSIONS: the founding of the HPN center and its further development is possible provided that there is team of dedicated people, supported by hospital base. The real growth opportunity is guaranteed by the reimbursement. It is necessary to adapt to the changing circumstances.

Ecos de uma identidade profissional: trajetória profissional de enfermeiras em ortopedia e traumatologia / Echoes of a professional identity: professional trajectory of nurses in orthopedics and traumatology

Introdução: A construção de identidade profissional está relacionada ao processo de socialização que se inicia a partir da construção da identidade pessoal no seio familiar, tendendo a permanecer em contínuo desenvolvimento. O presente estudo tem como objeto a identidade profissional de enfermeiras em traumato-ortopedia a partir de elementos constituintes identificáveis como tal, em suas trajetórias profissionais. A tese defendida foi de que na trajetória de enfermeiras com prática profissional na área de traumato-ortopedia em um hospital de referência localizado no Rio de Janeiro estão presentes características de perfil dessa prática especializada, que revelam sua importância histórica no desenvolvimento institucional e na qualificação da assistência, o que permite identificar a existência de uma especialidade de enfermagem e sua correspondente identidade profissional. Objetivo Geral: Reconhecer, nas trajetórias profissionais de enfermeiras de referência em uma instituição de traumatologia e ortopedia, elementos constitutivos da identidade profissional. Objetivos Específicos: Descrever a trajetória profissional de enfermeiras de referência de um hospital de traumatologia e ortopedia; destacar o contexto político do plano institucional em que se deu a construção da identidade de enfermeiras em traumato-ortopedia, segundo relatos biográficos; e analisar os elementos constituintes da identidade profissional de enfermeiras em suas características específicas de cuidado em traumato-ortopedia. Metodologia: Estudo de História Oral que se aplica à metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa. Foi utilizada a História Oral Temática, tendo como marco inicial o ano de 1973, que se refere ao surgimento do Hospital de Traumato Ortopedia, e como marco final o ano de 2013, quando todas as colaboradoras do estudo se aposentaram. As fontes primárias foram documentos localizados no acervo do Hospital de Traumato Ortopedia/ Instituto Nacional de Traumato-Ortopedia (HTO/INTO) e entrevistas coletadas com auxílio de um roteiro semiestruturado. O referencial teórico adotado foi o pensamento de Claude Dubar sobre a construção das identidades sociais e o conceito de identidade profissional para reconhecer os atributos para a formação profissional, contidos nas histórias das enfermeiras que atuaram por mais de três décadas no cuidado às pessoas em tratamento no HTO, depois INTO. A análise se deu em duas etapas distintas: transcrição e transcriação das entrevistas, a fim de se chegar à narrativa da biografia das colaboradoras pela pesquisadora; na segunda etapa, as entrevistas transcritas foram organizadas por fatos, considerando o período em que estes ocorreram: até 1969, décadas de 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 e 2010. Os documentos escritos foram separados também em relação aos fatos e foi realizada a triangulação das fontes para a interpretação e construção da narrativa histórica. A partir disso, as experiências narradas em comum foram separadas e, uma nova leitura do texto transcrito das entrevistas foi necessária em busca de detalhamentos que pudessem caracterizar a construção da identidade profissional, com base no referencial teórico. Fontes indiretas foram usadas para contextualizar os períodos em que os fatos ocorreram e permitir a crítica sobre cada evento destacado pelas colaboradoras no contexto em que estavam inseridos. Resultados: Os resultados foram apresentados em três capítulos que tratam das biografias das colaboradoras, suas trajetórias no contexto político-social e os atributos da identidade profissional a partir do processo de socialização dessas enfermeiras. Foi possível revelar os elementos constituintes da identidade profissional, sob o pensamento de Claude Dubar que mostraram: autonomia de escolha da carreira profissional de Enfermeira, o pertencimento face à especialidade de Enfermagem em Traumato-Ortopedia, a construção de conhecimento científico em Enfermagem Traumato-Ortopédica e a conquista de espaços na instituição HTO/INTO e na profissão de Enfermeira, o patrimônio específico da Enfermagem e o poder através do conhecimento e, finalmente, suas heranças/legados deixados à Enfermagem em Traumato-Ortopedia. Considerações Finais: O cuidado de enfermagem em traumato e ortopedia, apresentada neste estudo através de narrativas de enfermeiras da área, é uma especialidade que, no Brasil, só foi legitimada em 2011, requerendo atenção dos cursos de formação, tanto de graduação como de pós-graduação, para o ensino voltado para essa área em expansão na assistência em saúde, devido ao crescente aumento da violência nas cidades do país, que vem gerando demandas cada vez maiores de cuidado traumato-ortopédico. Soma-se a destacada participação das enfermeiras que trouxeram suas histórias vividas desde a infância, passando pela academia e no âmbito profissional, que qualificou a pesquisa tornando possível a divulgação deste material científico para a História da Enfermagem brasileira.

Introduction: The construction of professional identity is related to the socialization process that starts with the construction of personal identity within the family, tending to remain in continuous development. The object of the present study is the professional identity of nurses in trauma and orthopedics based on constituent elements identifiable as such, in their professional trajectories. The thesis defended was that in the trajectory of nurses with professional practice in the area of trauma and orthopedics at a reference hospital located in Rio de Janeiro, profile characteristics of this specialized practice are present, which reveal its historical importance in institutional development and in the qualification of assistance, which allows identifying the existence of a nursing specialty and its corresponding professional identity. Main Objective: Recognize, in the professional trajectories of nurses of reference in an institution of traumatology and orthopedics, constitutive elements of professional identity. Specific Objectives: Describe the professional trajectory of reference nurses at a traumatology and orthopedics hospital; highlight the political context of the institutional plan in which the identity of nurses in trauma-orthopedics was constructed, according to biographical reports; and to analyze the constituent elements of the professional identity of nurses in their specific characteristics of care in trauma and orthopedics. Methodology: Study of Oral History that applies to qualitative research methodology. Thematic Oral History was used, starting in 1973, which refers to the emergence of the Hospital de Traumato Orthopedics, and as the final milestone in 2013, when all the collaborators in the study retired. The primary sources were documents located in the collection of the Hospital de Traumato Orthopedics/National Institute of Traumato-Orthopedics (HTO/INTO) and interviews collected with the aid of a semi-structured script. The theoretical framework adopted was the thought of Claude Dubar on the construction of social identities and the concept of professional identity to recognize the attributes for professional training, contained in the stories of nurses who worked for more than three decades in the care of people undergoing treatment in the HTO, then INTO. The analysis took place in two distinct stages: transcription and transcreation of the interviews to arrive at the narrative of the collaborators' biography by the researcher; in the second stage, the transcribed interviews were organized by facts, considering the period in which they occurred: until 1969, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000 and 2010. The written documents were also separated in relation to the facts and triangulation was performed sources for the interpretation and construction of the historical narrative. From this, the experiences narrated in common were separated and a new reading of the transcribed text of the interviews was necessary in search of details that could characterize the construction of the professional identity, based on the theoretical framework. Indirect sources were used to contextualize the periods in which the facts occurred and allow criticism of each event highlighted by the collaborators in the context in which they were inserted. Results: The results were presented in three chapters dealing with the biographies of the collaborators, their trajectories in the political-social context and the attributes of their professional identity based on the socialization process of these nurses. It was possible to reveal the constituent elements of professional identity, under the thought of Claude Dubar, which showed: autonomy in choosing the professional career of a Nurse, belonging to the specialty of Traumato-Orthopedic Nursing, the construction of scientific knowledge in Traumato-Orthopedic Nursing and the conquest of spaces in the HTO/INTO institution and in the Nursing profession, the specific heritage of Nursing and power through knowledge and, finally, their legacy/legacy left to Nursing in Traumato-Orthopedics. Final Considerations: The nursing care in trauma and orthopedics, presented in this study through the narratives of nurses in the area, is a specialty that, in Brazil, was only legitimized in 2011, requiring attention from training courses, both undergraduate and graduate, for teaching aimed at this expanding area in health care, due to the growing increase in violence in the country's cities, which has been generating increasing demands for trauma and orthopedic care. In addition to the outstanding participation of nurses who rought their stories from childhood, through academia and in the professional sphere, which qualified the research, making it possible to disseminate this scientific material to the History of Brazilian Nursing.

Introducción: La construcción de la identidad profesional está relacionada con el proceso de socialización que comienza con la construcción de la identidad personal dentro de la familia, tendiendo a permanecer en continuo desarrollo. El objeto del presente estudio es la identidad profesional de los enfermeros en trauma y ortopedia a partir de elementos constitutivos identificables como tales, en sus trayectorias profesionales. La tesis defendida fue que en la trayectoria de enfermeras con práctica profesional en el área de trauma y ortopedia en un hospital de referencia ubicado en Río de Janeiro, se encuentran presentes características de perfil de esta práctica especializada, que revelan su importancia histórica en el desarrollo institucional y en la calificación de la asistencia, lo que permite identificar la existencia de una especialidad de enfermería y su correspondiente identidad professional. Objetivo General: Reconocer, en las trayectorias profesionales de enfermeras de referencia en una institución de traumatología y ortopedia, elementos constitutivos de la identidad profesional. Objetivos Específicos: Describir la trayectoria profesional de enfermeras de referencia en un hospital de traumatología y ortopedia; destacar el contexto político del plan institucional en el que se construyó la identidad del enfermero en traumatología-ortopedia, según relatos biográficos; y analizar los elementos constitutivos de la identidad profesional del enfermero en sus características específicas de atención en trauma y ortopedia. Metodología: Estudio de Historia Oral que se aplica a la metodología de investigación cualitativa. Se utilizó la Historia Oral Temática, a partir de 1973, que hace referencia al surgimiento del Hospital de Traumato Ortopedia, y como hito final en 2013, cuando se retiraron todos los colaboradores del estudio. Las fuentes primarias fueron documentos ubicados en la colección del Hospital de Traumato Ortopedia/Instituto Nacional de Traumato-Ortopedia (HTO/INTO) y entrevistas recogidas con la ayuda de un guión semiestructurado. El marco teórico adoptado fue el pensamiento de Claude Dubar sobre la construcción de identidades sociales y el concepto de identidad profesional para reconocer los atributos para la formación profesional, contenidos en los relatos de enfermeros que trabajaron durante más de tres décadas en el cuidado de personas en tratamiento. en el HTO, luego INTO. El análisis se realizó en dos etapas diferenciadas: transcripción y transcreación de las entrevistas, para llegar a la narrativa de la biografía de los colaboradores por parte del investigador; En la segunda etapa, las entrevistas transcritas fueron organizadas por hechos, considerando el período en que ocurrieron: hasta 1969, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 y 2010. Los documentos escritos también fueron separados en relación a los hechos y se realizó triangulación de fuentes. para la interpretación y construcción de la narrativa histórica. A partir de esto, se separaron las experiencias narradas en común y fue necesaria una nueva lectura del texto transcrito de las entrevistas en busca de detalles que pudieran caracterizar la construcción de la identidad profesional, a partir del marco teórico. Se utilizaron fuentes indirectas para contextualizar los períodos en los que ocurrieron los hechos y permitir la crítica de cada hecho destacado por los colaboradores en el contexto en el que fueron insertados. Resultados: Los resultados se presentaron en tres capítulos que abordan las biografías de las colaboradoras, sus trayectorias en el contexto político-social y los atributos de su identidad profesional a partir del proceso de socialización de estas enfermeras. Se pudo revelar los elementos constitutivos de la identidad profesional, bajo el pensamiento de Claude Dubar, que evidenciaron: autonomía en la elección de la carrera profesional de Enfermera, perteneciente a la especialidad de Enfermería Traumato-Ortopédica, la construcción del conocimiento científico en Traumato- La Enfermería Ortopédica y la conquista de espacios en la institución HTO/INTO y en la profesión de Enfermería, la herencia específica de la Enfermería y el poder a través del conocimiento y, finalmente, su legado dejado a la Enfermería en Traumato-Ortopedia. Consideraciones Finales: La atención de enfermería en trauma y ortopedia, presentada en este estudio a través de las narrativas de enfermeras del área, es una especialidad que, en Brasil, solo fue legitimada en 2011, requiriendo atención de cursos de capacitación, tanto de pregrado como de posgrado, para la docencia dirigida a este Expansión del área de atención a la salud, debido al aumento creciente de la violencia en las ciudades del país, lo que ha venido generando una creciente demanda de atención traumatológica y ortopédica. Además de la destacada participación de enfermeras que aportaron sus historias vividas desde la niñez, a través de la academia y en el ámbito profesional, lo que calificó la investigación, posibilitando la difusión de este material científico a la Historia de la Enfermería Brasieña.

Control of cervical cancer in Minas Gerais in the mid-1900s: the Belo Horizonte Hospital of Gynecology. / A experiência mineira no controle do câncer do colo do útero em meados do século XX: o Hospital de Ginecologia de Belo Horizonte.

This article discusses the structuring of the Hospital of Gynecology in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, which was founded by the gynecologist Clóvis Salgado in 1939 as part of efforts to control cervical cancer. Created as a space for practical teaching in the School of Medicine, the hospital was a pioneer in introducing colposcopy in the state and establishing a structure specifically for care and diagnosis. This analysis investigates how promoting and attempting to assert diagnostic technologies were important in organizing this institution and its professional staff. The hospital firmly established itself in terms of activities to control cervical cancer by disseminating colposcopy as a technique, establishing dialogs with similar national institutions, and participating in exchanges with German science.

O artigo discute a organização do Hospital de Ginecologia em Belo Horizonte, fundado pelo ginecologista Clóvis Salgado, em 1939, atentando para sua atuação no controle do câncer do colo do útero. Criado como espaço para ensino prático da Faculdade de Medicina, foi pioneiro na introdução da colposcopia em Minas Gerais e na montagem de uma estrutura própria de atendimento e diagnóstico. Na análise, investiga-se como a promoção e tentativa de afirmação das tecnologias de diagnóstico foram pontos importantes na estruturação da instituição e de seu corpo profissional. O hospital afirmou-se na organização de ações de controle da doença, por meio da difusão da técnica, do diálogo com instituições nacionais congêneres e do intercâmbio com a ciência alemã.

A experiência mineira no controle do câncer do colo do útero em meados do século XX: o Hospital de Ginecologia de Belo Horizonte / Control of cervical cancer in Minas Gerais in the mid-1900s: the Belo Horizonte Hospital of Gynecology

Resumo O artigo discute a organização do Hospital de Ginecologia em Belo Horizonte, fundado pelo ginecologista Clóvis Salgado, em 1939, atentando para sua atuação no controle do câncer do colo do útero. Criado como espaço para ensino prático da Faculdade de Medicina, foi pioneiro na introdução da colposcopia em Minas Gerais e na montagem de uma estrutura própria de atendimento e diagnóstico. Na análise, investiga-se como a promoção e tentativa de afirmação das tecnologias de diagnóstico foram pontos importantes na estruturação da instituição e de seu corpo profissional. O hospital afirmou-se na organização de ações de controle da doença, por meio da difusão da técnica, do diálogo com instituições nacionais congêneres e do intercâmbio com a ciência alemã.

Abstract This article discusses the structuring of the Hospital of Gynecology in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, which was founded by the gynecologist Clóvis Salgado in 1939 as part of efforts to control cervical cancer. Created as a space for practical teaching in the School of Medicine, the hospital was a pioneer in introducing colposcopy in the state and establishing a structure specifically for care and diagnosis. This analysis investigates how promoting and attempting to assert diagnostic technologies were important in organizing this institution and its professional staff. The hospital firmly established itself in terms of activities to control cervical cancer by disseminating colposcopy as a technique, establishing dialogs with similar national institutions, and participating in exchanges with German science.

The Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose (1886-1947): its formation, rise and demise.

BACKGROUND: The Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose existed in Nottingham for over 60 years, but there is little knowledge or documentation regarding its existence. METHODS: The following resources were searched to find out more about the hospital: the Nottinghamshire Archives; Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham Libraries; and Nottingham Central Library. Information was also obtained from the founders' relatives. RESULTS: The hospital was founded in 1886, by Dr Donald Stewart, supported by political and clerical leaders. Initially, it treated out-patients only; in-patients were admitted for surgical treatment from 1905. Suitable accommodation was purchased in 1925, on Goldsmith Street, but required much building extension and alteration. Building restrictions during and following World War II prevented expansion. The National Hospital Survey conducted in 1945 considered the clinical work undertaken to be of a minor character, and recommended closure and amalgamation with the services provided by the Nottingham General Hospital. The hospital closed in 1947. CONCLUSION: The specialist hospital was deemed unfit and unsuitable to compete with the comprehensive service provided by the Nottingham General Hospital.

O Hospital Proletário João Pessoa: limites e possibilidades para a saúde do trabalhador (Paraíba, anos 1930) / The Hospital Proletário in João Pessoa: limits and possibilities for worker healthcare (Paraíba, 1930s)

Discutimos a tentativa de organização do Hospital Proletário na capital da Paraíba nos anos 1930. Para tanto, problematizamos a cobertura do jornal A União sobre esse episódio. O envolvimento de diferentes atores – trabalhadores, associações e médicos – revela a emergência de uma nova forma de pensar e praticar as políticas de saúde. Conforme o projeto varguista de construção nacional, tais ações visavam à formação de trabalhadores saudáveis, aptos para o mercado e úteis para a nação. Apesar de seu fracasso, o projeto do hospital evidencia as diferentes concepções sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores na Era Vargas. Apropriamo-nos dos conceitos de “interdependência sanitária”, “medicina social”, “cidadania regulada” e “trabalhismo”

A history of Stoke Mandeville Hospital and the National Spinal Injuries Centre.

Stoke Mandeville Hospital and the National Spinal Injuries Centre (NSIC) are renowned worldwide for the successful treatment of spinal injuries and as the birthplace of the Paralympic movement. The emergence of the spinal centre was a direct result of the setting up of the Emergency Medical Services in the Second World War to treat injured soldiers. This paper documents the history of the hospital as a whole and the influence of the NSIC in particular on the overall facilities leading up to and after the building of the modern NSIC in 1983.

Keeping our immigrants healthy: hygienist doctrine in the Hospedaria de Imigrantes da Ilha das Flores. / Como manter saudáveis nossos imigrantes: preceitos higienistas na constituição da Hospedaria de Imigrantes da Ilha das Flores.

The Hospedaria de Imigrantes (Immigrant Lodgings) da Ilha das Flores was established in 1883 in accordance with the hygienist thinking of the time. Immigrants were isolated on the east coast of Guanabara Bay because of the epidemics of yellow fever which returned to the Imperial capital every summer since 1849-1850. Hygienists attributed the disease to the precarious health conditions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which enabled germs to multiply and infect the atmosphere. As physicians reinterpreted the disease in light of Pasteurian theory, new procedures were adopted to receive immigrants, changing the structure and function of the facility on Ilha das Flores.

A criação da Hospedaria de Imigrantes da Ilha das Flores, em 1883, esteve de acordo com os preceitos higienistas vigentes na época. O isolamento de imigrantes na costa leste da baía de Guanabara ocorreu em virtude das epidemias de febre amarela que retornavam à capital do Império todo verão, desde 1849-1850. Higienistas atribuíam a doença à precária condição sanitária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que propiciava a multiplicação do germe e infeccionava a atmosfera. Na medida em que os médicos reinterpretavam a doença à luz da teoria pasteuriana, foram sendo adotados novos procedimentos para a recepção de imigrantes, alterando a estrutura e o funcionamento da Hospedaria da Ilha das Flores.

Como manter saudáveis nossos imigrantes: preceitos higienistas na constituição da Hospedaria de Imigrantes da Ilha das Flores / Keeping our immigrants healthy: hygienist doctrine in the Hospedaria de Imigrantes da Ilha das Flores

Resumo A criação da Hospedaria de Imigrantes da Ilha das Flores, em 1883, esteve de acordo com os preceitos higienistas vigentes na época. O isolamento de imigrantes na costa leste da baía de Guanabara ocorreu em virtude das epidemias de febre amarela que retornavam à capital do Império todo verão, desde 1849-1850. Higienistas atribuíam a doença à precária condição sanitária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que propiciava a multiplicação do germe e infeccionava a atmosfera. Na medida em que os médicos reinterpretavam a doença à luz da teoria pasteuriana, foram sendo adotados novos procedimentos para a recepção de imigrantes, alterando a estrutura e o funcionamento da Hospedaria da Ilha das Flores.

Abstract The Hospedaria de Imigrantes (Immigrant Lodgings) da Ilha das Flores was established in 1883 in accordance with the hygienist thinking of the time. Immigrants were isolated on the east coast of Guanabara Bay because of the epidemics of yellow fever which returned to the Imperial capital every summer since 1849-1850. Hygienists attributed the disease to the precarious health conditions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which enabled germs to multiply and infect the atmosphere. As physicians reinterpreted the disease in light of Pasteurian theory, new procedures were adopted to receive immigrants, changing the structure and function of the facility on Ilha das Flores.

El Manicomio Provicial de Málaga en el primer tercio del siglo XX: la utopía que (no) pudo ser / The Malaga provincial mental asylum (Spain) in the first third of the 20th century: the utopia that was (not) to be

Durante el primer tercio del siglo XX en España acontecieron cambios importantes en la asistencia a la locura. Varios factores influyeron en el desarrollo de las modificaciones en torno al discurso y práctica de una nueva disciplina psiquiátrica: una generación de médicos interesados en la locura y relacionados con la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios, organizaciones científicas como los Archivos de Neurobiología y el clima político progresista de la Segunda República, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo es visibilizar estrategias de cambio en el tratamiento de la locura en el psiquiátrico provincial de Málaga. Para ello, señalaré, por un lado, las diferentes reformas que el edificio necesitó y la relación de éstas con las prácticas asistenciales; y por otro, los intentos de reforma que llevaron a cabo Miguel Prados Such y Pedro Ortiz Ramos como profesionales de la neuropsiquiatría. Analizaré, finalmente, las relaciones entre el personal subalterno, los psiquiatras y la institución, mostrando las dinámicas de asimilación y/o rechazo de medidas concretas que pretendían mejorar las condiciones de los pacientes ingresados

During the first third of the 20th Century in Spain, many reforms happened in the attendance to the madness. Several factors had an influence in the introduction of fundamental changes in the discourse and practice of a new psychiatric discipline: the interest in insanity of a generation of doctors with links to the Junta de Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies), scientific organisations like the Archivos de Neurobiología (Archives of Neurobiology) and the political climate in the Second Spanish Republic, among others. The aim of this study is to shed light on these strategies for change in the treatment of insanity in the Malaga provincial psychiatric hospital. To this end, I will discuss the necessary alterations made to the building itself and their relation with health care practices, in addition to the attempts to introduce reforms by neuropsychiatric professionals like Miguel Prados Such and Pedro Ortiz Ramos. Finally, I will analyse relations among support staff, psychiatrists and the institution, to appraise the dynamics of assimilation and/or rejection of specific measures designed to improve the conditions of patients admitted to it

Charles Burstein, MD: First Director of Anesthesiology at Hospital for Special Surgery.

Charles L. Burstein was the first departmental Director and Chief of Anesthesiology at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. He joined the staff in 1937, when the hospital was still known by its original name of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled. In 1940, it was renamed The Hospital for Special Surgery. Burstein, an early disciple of Emery Rovenstine, accomplished much to advance the Department of Anesthesiology through academic collaborations, education, clinical specialization, and research. He laid the groundwork for the future success of a department that continues to thrive to this day in clinical and academic orthopedic anesthesia.

Pioneer of Chinese Ophthalmology--130th Anniversary of Beijing Tongren Hospital.

Much has been achieved in clinical and scientific research in the past 130 years by Beijing Tongren Hospital, which has evolved from an eye clinic to a comprehensive hospital with an ophthalmology department known as one of the best in China. This article presents the most historic moments and events in the development of a hospital with the largest eye care service volume. In addition, given the leading position of Tongren, the development of ophthalmology in Tongren is also the epitome of the development of modern ophthalmology in China. Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology (BIO) was established in 1959 as an affiliated institution under Tongren, aiming at carrying out applied science and basic science research, and directors of BIO have thus far served 4 terms as president of the Chinese Ophthalmological Society. In 2002, Beijing Tongren Eye Center (hereafter referred to as the Eye Center) was established to combine all the ophthalmic resources within Tongren. In 2017, the Eye Center alone had a surgical volume of 78,223, with surgeries for cataract, refractive errors, fundus, glaucoma, and corneal disease being the 5 most common, and 902,409 outpatient visits. Equipped with the leading experts and equipment, Tongren is dedicated to the battle against major eye diseases by carrying out large population-based epidemiological surveys and basic science research on pathogenesis and effective treatments, thereby making contributions to the development of the science of ophthalmology along with the delivery of eye care services in China and beyond.

On the first occupational medicine initiatives in Mexico: The Real del Monte miners' hospital. / De las primeras iniciativas de medicina laboral en México: el hospital de mineros de Real del Monte.

Despite the legislation of Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) on social security rights formulated in 1883 in Germany where it is stated that it is the duty of the State to promote the welfare of all members of society, particularly the weakest and most needy, using the means available to them, and the proposals of laws against accidents issued on April 30, 1904 in the State of Mexico in 1904, in the Mexico of the Porfirio Díaz era, providing workers with formal medical care was not contemplated, except in the case of some railway companies, hospitals for the care of patients with occupational diseases were not built. One of these exceptions was the Hospital del Mineral del Real del Monte de Pachuca, founded in the late nineteenth century and after the mining company passed to the Americans in 1906, it was agreed that the company acquired the hospital and equated it with the medical and surgical advances of the time for immediate care of injuries, especially of the orthopedic type, which enabled not only the healing of wounds, but also rehabilitation. This hospital is one of the oldest in Mexico with regard to three disciplines: orthopedics, occupational medicine and rehabilitation. It ceased to operate in 1982, and currently it is a museum with a rich collection of documents and instruments related to the aforementioned disciplines.

A pesar de la legislación de Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) sobre derechos de seguridad social formulada en 1883 en Alemania donde se señala que es deber del Estado promover el bienestar de todos los miembros de la sociedad, particularmente de los más débiles y necesitados utilizando los medios con los que dispone, y las propuestas de leyes contra accidentes expedidas el 30 de abril de 1904 en el Estado de México, en el México del porfiriato no se consideró brindar atención médica formal a los trabajadores, salvo algunas empresas ferrocarrileras, no se construyeron hospitales para atender a pacientes con enfermedades laborales. Una de estas excepciones fue el Hospital del Mineral de Real del Monte de Pachuca, fundado a finales del siglo XIX y después de que la Compañía minera pasó a los norteamericanos en 1906, se acordó que la empresa adquiriera el hospital y lo equipara con los adelantos médicos y quirúrgicos de la época para la inmediata atención de lesiones, en especial de tipo ortopédico, lo que permitió curar heridas y la rehabilitación. Este nosocomio constituye uno de los antecedentes más antiguos en México en las tres disciplinas: ortopedia, medicina del trabajo y rehabilitación. Dejó de funcionar en 1982 y actualmente es un museo con un rico acervo documental y de instrumental de las disciplinas mencionadas.

The First Two Years of Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer: Initial Results of a Brazilian Public Hospital Dedicated to Neurosurgery

The dissemination of specialty hospitals throughout the urban centers has revolutionized the full spectrum of care for cardiology, oncology and orthopedics during the last decades. To centralize care, from translational and basic research to clinicians and surgeons, in the same dedicated institution leads to a decrease in complications rates, mortality and possible reductions in the length of hospital stays. Moreover, there has been a significant impact on hospital costs and on the quality of care. The Insituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN, in the Portuguese acronym) was opened in June 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the very first high-volume neurosurgical institution in the country. The core foundation of this institution is that the anesthesiologists, intensive care practitioners, nurses, pathologists, radiologists and rehabilitation staffs are trained and live the full management of neurosurgical lesions at the same facility on a daily basis. The present paper seeks to analyze the circumstances in which the institution was planned and opened as well as its complexity, infrastructure and initial results following its first 24 months of operation.